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Extra resources for Chromatographic Characterization of Polymers: Hyphenated and Multidimensional Techniques (Advances in Chemistry Series 247)

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Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995. 3. 25 Isoperichoric Focusing FFF JANÔA coupled, these fluxes can mathematically be treated as two independent processes. ch003 (2) - U,(x)c* = 0 D,r^ where D is the diffusion coefficient, U and r are the velocity and unit vectors, and c is the concentration. T h e solution of equation 1 leads to the exponential concentration distribution of the modifier across the channel: c (x) m = «iv\U exp(-x\U \/D ) m m D (l-exp(-w\U \/D )) m m (3) m m where c is the average concentration of the modifier and w is the thickness of the channel or cell.

T h e resolution of the focusing process that is described approximately b y Gaussian distribution is given by s ^ = U ,e m 2D m Λ t; g 0 I i V *T(1 - / m>ai;e Ap w m exp(-w\U J/D )) m m 1 %maxl χ Vexp(-x maxl I U ,e m I /Dm) %max2 1 Vexp(-x mfl:c2 1 U , | /D ) m e m Computer Simulation. ; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995. 28 CHROMATOGRAPHIC CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMERS scribed rigorous distribution function, equation 8, and Gaussian distri­ bution function, equation 5.

A n electrical potential difference (usually 2 - 4 kV) between the needle inlet and the cylindrical surrounding walls promotes ionization of the emerging l i q u i d and disperses it into charged droplets. Solvent evaporation upon heat transfer from the ambient gas leads to the shrinking of the droplets and to the accumulation of excess surface charge. A t some point the electric field becomes high enough (up to 1 0 V/cm) to desorb analyte ions. This widely accepted desorption model (12) relies on the existence of preformed ions i n solution.

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